Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Understanding Knee Conditions and Available Treatments

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome in Hoover and Birmingham, Serving Central Alabama

Knee pain and discomfort are two of the most common complaints for athletes and individuals who lead active lifestyles. At the center of many of those cases is patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), also known as runner’s knee. Contrary to popular belief, this condition isn’t exclusive to runners. It can affect anyone whose knee joint undergoes repetitive stress, making it difficult to perform everyday movements and limiting mobility.

People facing complications from PFPS can receive comprehensive care from the board-certified specialists at Southlake Orthopaedics, with locations in Hoover and Birmingham-Grandview, AL. Our multi-specialty practice is dedicated to helping patients overcome orthopedic ailments and achieve less pain, more living. Learn more about PFPS and the treatment options available.

Understanding Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome and Its Causes

The knee joint is responsible for a wide range of movements, including walking up or down stairs, squatting, kneeling, running, or sitting for extended periods. When these activities or others place too much stress on the joint, patellofemoral pain syndrome can occur. This musculoskeletal condition is especially prevalent in athletes, active individuals, and children undergoing growth spurts.

PFPS is primarily the result of abnormal movement or alignment of the patella (kneecap) as it glides over the femur (thighbone) in the femoral groove. The abnormality can lead to increased pressure on the cartilage beneath the patella, creating inflammation and pain.

A major contributor to PFPS is muscle weakness, particularly in the quadriceps, hamstrings, hip abductors, and external rotators. Other causes include overuse and repetitive stress on the knee joint. Individuals who drastically increase their training volume or intensity without proper progression often overload knee structures, leading to symptoms of PFPS.

Other causes of runner’s knee include:

Biomechanical issues, such as flat feet, high arches, or differences in leg length
Wearing improper footwear
Poor running or jumping technique
Inadequate warm-up
Lack of flexibility
Trauma or a direct blow to the kneecap

Symptoms of Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

The most common symptom of PFPS is pain described as dull and aching, usually around or behind the kneecap. Patients with this condition also report experiencing pain during physical activities, such as squatting, running, jumping, or climbing. PFPS may also cause pain after prolonged sitting with the knee bent. Aside from pain, other common symptoms include:

Knee stiffness or a feeling of tightness, especially after rest
Grinding or popping sensation when bending or straightening the knee
Tenderness around the patella when pressing on it
Swelling
Instability or weakness in the knee

Symptoms of PFPS often worsen over time without proper medical intervention, increasing the need for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Diagnosing Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

Physicians diagnose patellofemoral pain syndrome by evaluating a patient’s condition and medical history, physical examination, and, in some cases, imaging scans. The diagnostic process is crucial to rule out other possible causes of knee pain and ensure effective treatment.

First, the healthcare provider will ask questions regarding the nature, location, and duration of the knee pain and the specifics that trigger the discomfort. They will also inquire about recent changes in physical activity, exercise habits, previous knee injuries, or underlying health conditions that could impact joint health.

A physical examination is performed to assess the knee’s structure and function, with careful consideration of how the kneecap moves. The doctor will look for signs of muscle weakness or tightness in the surrounding areas. Functional tests, such as squatting, step-downs, or the patellar grind test (Clarke’s test), are used to evaluate how the patella tracks during movement. In cases where further damage is suspected, doctors may order imaging studies like X-rays or MRI scans to rule out other conditions. These include cartilage damage, meniscus tears, arthritis, or structural abnormalities.

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Treatments

At Southlake Orthopaedics, treatment for PFPS focuses on relieving symptoms, improving knee function, and addressing the underlying causes of the condition. In most cases, non-surgical approaches, such as activity modification and physical therapy, are used. Patients are often advised to temporarily avoid movements that cause knee pain or discomfort and instead perform low-impact activities while the knee heals.

Physical Therapy

Physical therapy is often a key component of treatment and is used to stretch and strengthen weak muscles, particularly the quadriceps, hamstrings, hips, calves, and core. Additionally, physical therapy aims to improve a person’s balance, helping the kneecap to track properly and reduce stress on the joint. Specific exercises are usually dependent on the patient’s condition, fitness level, age, and recovery goals.

Orthotics

Doctors may recommend specialty footwear or orthotics if they find that poor foot mechanics contribute to the problem. Custom shoes and insoles are great for improving leg alignment and reducing knee strain.

Surgery

In severe cases, surgery may be an option. Surgical procedures are typically a last resort and only considered after conservative treatment fails and symptoms persist or worsen.

Our Orthopedics Team

Patients choose Southlake Orthopaedics for care for a variety of reasons, but most notably for our expertise. Individuals under our care receive comprehensive orthopedic services from a multi-specialty team of board-certified physicians. Our team includes:

Explore Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome Care and Treatments in Alabama

Knee pain is a common ailment, but it shouldn’t stop individuals from enjoying activities they love. At Southlake Orthopaedics, our dedicated team can help patients achieve less pain, more living with complete orthopedic care at our locations in Hoover and Birmingham-Grandview, AL. Contact us today to learn more about patellofemoral pain syndrome treatments or to schedule an appointment.